（翻訳：Adobe Type チーム 山本太郎）
グリフの可変字幅を可能にしながら、縦組みでのグリフの回転が必要となる欧文や和文組版における縦中横（縦組み行の中に横組みの要素が入る）の組み方も取り扱えるモデルを、最近考案しました。
本記事の目的は、私が開発したオープンソースのフォントと、その動作モデルの記述に関心を寄せていただくことにあります。そのフォントに対応するアプリケーションソフトウェアとレイアウトエンジンを実装する開発者に活用していただくことを意図したものです。
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My wife and I own a pair of identically-configured Tesla Model 3 EVs (electric vehicles). Mine is Pearl White with a white interior, and bears a California Snoopy Plate that is personalized with the four letters CJKV. See above. It is my “CJKV” Chariot. My wife’s one is Red with a black interior, and bears a sequential California Snoopy Plate. Both are the Long Range Dual Motor All-Wheel Drive configuration that has an advertised range of 310 miles and goes from zero to 60 mi/h (100 km/h) in a mere four seconds. The instant acceleration—at any speed—never gets old.
Like the Source Han and Noto CJK typefaces whose fonts were built in and released to our planet from California, the same is true of our Teslas. Both were built at the nearby factory in Fremont. We took delivery of our first one, the Pearl White one, at the Fremont Delivery Hub on 2018-09-25. We ordered the Red one on 2018-12-14, which was delivered to our home in San José on 2018-12-18.
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I recently came up with a Variable Font model to handle glyph compression and expansion in horizontal and vertical layout that includes support for characters whose glyphs rotate in vertical layout, such as the glyphs for Western characters, along with TCY (縦中横 tatechūyoko in Japanese, which literally means “horizontal in vertical”) support.
The purpose of this article is to call attention to the open source test font that I developed, along with a description of the model itself, which are intended to be used by developers to implement such support in apps and layout engines.
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The new open source Source Han Mono (源ノ等幅 in Japanese, 본모노 in Korean, 思源等宽 in Simplified Chinese, 思源等寬 in Traditional Chinese—Taiwan, and 思源等寬 香港 in Traditional Chinese—Hong Kong SAR) typeface was released only four days ago, and this article provides details about its 70-font Super OTC (OpenType/CFF Collection). This article simply serves as an announcement for the Version 1.001 update that was released today. There are two main changes about which users should be aware:
I also updated the 143-font Source Han Mega OTC and 216-font Ultra OTC in the Source Han & Noto CJK Mega/Ultra OTCs project earlier today.
Enjoy!
Several months ago I updated the Adobe-Japan1-UCS2 “ToUnicode” mapping file in the open source Mapping Resources for PDF project specifically to accommodate the two Adobe-Japan1-7 CIDs, CIDs 23058 and 23059.
However, that ToUnicode mapping file is long overdue for a rather extensive update for other reasons, and part of the delay was intentional on my part. The purpose of this article is to outline the reason for the delay, along with providing more concrete update plans.
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As the readership of this blog should know, I updated the Source Han Sans and Noto Sans CJK fonts to Version 2.001 early last month, mainly to accommodate the glyphs for U+32FF ㋿ SQUARE ERA NAME REIWA, which is the two-ideograph square ligature form of Japan’s new era, Reiwa (令和), that began on 2019-05-01. I then seized the opportunity to update our corporate Adobe Clean Han typeface family, to bring it into alignment with Source Han Sans Version 2.001. The updated Adobe Clean Han fonts are now being served to this blog.
I then decided to embark on a somewhat ambitious project to develop a new open source typeface named Source Han Mono, which is best described as a Pan-CJK version of Source Han Code JP, first developed four years ago by my esteemed colleague in our Tōkyō office, Masataka Hattori (服部正貴). You can read the background here. This effectively closes Issue #2 in the Source Han Code JP project.
Source Han Mono is a derivative typeface design of Source Han Sans, designed by my colleague Ryoko Nishizuka (西塚涼子), and Source Code Pro, designed by my colleague Paul D. Hunt. Its localized names are 源ノ等幅 (Japanese), 본모노 (Korean), 思源等宽 (Simplified Chinese), 思源等寬 (Traditional Chinese—Taiwan), and 思源等寬 香港 (Traditional Chinese—Hong Kong SAR). (As an aside, the reason why the Traditional Chinese—Hong Kong SAR name, 思源等寬 香港, appears correctly is due to the updated Adobe Clean Han fonts. This benefitted the glyphs for U+7B49 等 and U+9999 香.)
This article will detail some of the challenges that I faced, along with some of the decisions that I made, while developing this new Pan-CJK typeface family.
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I spent the last couple of weeks developing a Variable Font version of the infamous Adobe Blank, and the open source project, named Adobe Blank VF & Friends, was released yesterday evening. But, before I detail what makes the Variable Font versions special, besides being Variable Fonts, let’s briefly go over the history of Adobe Blank and Adobe Blank 2.
First released in 2013 as open source, Adobe Blank simply maps all 1,111,998 Unicode code points to non-spacing and non-marking glyphs. What made the project interesting for me was to find the right balance between the number of glyphs and the size of the 'cmap' table. When mapping over a million code points, this becomes a valid concern. After some experimentation, I found that 2,049 glyphs was the sweet spot that resulted in 'CFF ' and 'cmap' tables of a relatively small size.
Adobe Blank 2, which was first released in 2015, is a two-glyph version of Adobe Blank that includes a Format 13 (Many-to-one range mappings) 'cmap' subtable that maps all 1,111,998 Unicode code points to GID+1. At the time, there was no convenient way to create a Format 13 subtable, so I used ttx, and supplied the actual hex values of the compiled subtable. The current version of ttx can successfully compile a Format 13 subtable by explicitly specifying all 1,111,998 mappings.
That then brings us to the Variable Font versions…
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On this date last year, I published the Contextual Spacing GPOS Features article, and this briefer article serves as an update.
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The earlier part of this year was spent preparing new and revised glyphs for the Source Han Sans and Google-branded Noto Sans CJK Version 2.001 update, which also involved changing several mappings. The fonts for the former Pan-CJK typeface family were released today, and as usual, the all-inclusive—and highly-recommended—45-font Super OTC (OpenType Collection) is easily downloaded from the latest release page. See the official ReadMe (will download if clicked) for more details about this release. 70 of the Source Han Sans Version 2.001 fonts are also available via Adobe Fonts (formerly Adobe Typekit).
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Prompted by recent activity on Twitter, I assembled a new mapping file that correlates Adobe-Japan1-6 CIDs (aka glyphs) to Source Han ones, but only for the 6,879 characters in the JIS X 0208 standard. Because the Source Han Sans and Source Han Serif glyphs sets are different, they require separate columns in the mapping file. Also, for the 161 kanji in JIS X 0208 that have both JIS90 (aka JIS X 0208-1990) and JIS2004 (aka JIS X 0213:2004) forms, the CIDs that correspond to the JIS2004 forms are indicated, and those for the JIS90 forms are in brackets.
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I spent part of last week preparing the Adobe-Japan1-7 character collection specification update, which will be released sometime in early April, shortly after Japan announces the name of their new era name. (Until the update is released next month, Adobe-Japan1-6 is still reflected in the open source project.) The announcement is expected to take place on 2019-04-01, and while this date represents the start of a new fiscal year in Japan, it is an unfortunate choice for elsewhere.
Anyway, while performing said update, I came across a reference to Adobe Tech Note #5094, Adobe CJKV Character Collections and CMaps for CID-Keyed Fonts, which I last updated a dozen years ago. I decided to use this as an opportunity to obsolete yet another Adobe Tech Note by incorporating its meaningful content into the open source CMap Resources project. I did precisely that last week, which involved updating its content in the process.
This is a brief article to draw readers’ attention to my latest test font, which is a 12-font 65,535-glyph OpenType/CFF Collection that is intended to test how well an app or other font-consuming environment supports language tagging for East Asian text, to include the handling of localized strings, such as those for menu names in the 'name' table, and for named Stylistic Set 'GSUB' features.
The Variable Font Collection test fonts that were made available at the beginning of this month serve this purpose to some extent, but they also require an environment that supports not only Variable Fonts (aka OpenType/CFF2 fonts), but also Variable Font Collections (aka OpenType/CFF2 Collections). The main intent of this OpenType/CFF Collection is to remove the Variable Font baggage from the testing requirement. It also includes support for Macao SAR as a third form of Traditional Chinese, which was described in the previous article.
Please visit the open source Source LOCL Test project for more details, or to download the pre-built OpenType/CFF Collection binary from the Latest Release page.
Enjoy!
Macao SAR (SAR stands for Special Administrative Region)—written 澳門特別行政區 or 澳門特區—is in the process of standardizing MSCS (Macao Supplementary Character Set or 澳門增補字符集 in Chinese), which is character set standard that is designed as a supplement to HKSCS (Hong Kong Supplementary Character Set), and by extension, as a supplement to Big Five. One reliable source told me that MSCS can be described as HKSCS plus approximately 150 additional characters.
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This is a short article that is simply meant to draw developers’ attention to three OpenType/CFF2 Collections (aka Variable Font Collections) that I built this week, which are now available in the open source Variable Font Collection Test project. As stated in the project, the purpose of these Variable Font Collections is to simulate the Source Han and Noto CJK fonts deployed as Variable Fonts, to help make sure that the infrastructure—OSes, apps, layout engines, libraries, and so on—will support them. Remember that it took several years for Microsoft to support OpenType/CFF Collections (OTCs), which finally happened on 2016-08-02. In other words, this is not trivial.
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(Everything that is stated in this article applies to the corresponding Google-branded Pan-CJK typeface family, Noto Sans CJK. Likewise, any reference to Source Han Serif also applies to Noto Serif CJK.)
The last time that a new version of the Source Han Sans family, along with the Google-branded version, Noto Sans CJK, was released was in June of 2015 in the form of Version 1.004. I know from personal experience that a lot of planning, preparation, and work took place during the three years that followed, and the end result is Version 2.000 of both Pan-CJK typeface families.
If you’re interested in learning more details about some of the changes, enhancements, and additions that Version 2.000 offers, please continue reading this article.
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（翻訳：Adobe Type チーム 山本太郎、西村美苗）
（この記事中の事項はすべて、Google の Pan-CJK 書体ファミリー、Noto Sans CJK にもあてはまる。源ノ明朝に言及している場合には Google の Noto Serif CJK にもあてはまる。）
源ノ角ゴシックファミリーを、Google により製品化されたバージョンである Noto Sans CJK ファミリーも含めて、バージョン 1.004 にアップデートしたのは、2015 年 6 月だった。以来、さまざまな計画を立案し、また膨大な量の準備と作業を積み重ねてきた。その結果、Pan-CJK フォントファミリー：源ノ角ゴシックと Noto Sans CJK のバージョン 2.000 が誕生した。
バージョン 2.000 での変更・改良点の詳細について関心があれば、以下を参照されたい。
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Something extraordinary happened today.
This extraordinary event provided to me an opportunity to revisit the open source LOCL Test OpenType/CFF test font that I introduced over two years ago. I improved the language declarations in the 'locl' (Localized Forms) GSUB feature definition, and also made other minor tweaks, two of which can be seen in the image above.
The version of Adobe InDesign CC that was released today during Adobe MAX, Version 14.0, now supports language-tagging for a fifth East Asian language: Traditional Chinese for Hong Kong. This new language-tagging option appears as “Chinese: Hong Kong” in the Character Styles and Paragraph Styles panels, and as the same in the Character panel.
For those who were not aware, OpenType has supported language-tagging for Hong Kong, a flavor of Traditional Chinese, for over 10 years via the three-letter language tag ZHH, which was introduced in Version 1.5 (May 2008) of the OpenType Specification. ZHS is the language tag for Simplified Chinese, and ZHT is the one for Traditional Chinese, but for Taiwan. For Japanese and Korean, JAN and KOR are their language tags, respectively. I am very pleased that Adobe InDesign finally supports all five of these OpenType language tags.
The timing couldn’t have been better…
The feedback that we received from the previous article on this subject has been extraordinarily valuable. Our proposal to leave the names of Adobe-Japan1-7 subset fonts unchanged met with virtually unanimous agreement, but given the relatively minor nature of the Adobe-Japan1-7 additions, to the tune of only two glyphs, the same naming policy seems to benefit Adobe-Japan1-6 fonts as well.
In other words, fonts that currently support Adobe-Japan1-6 in its entirety can be updated to Adobe-Japan1-7 without changing their names. Of course, the advertised Supplement value as recorded in the 'CFF ' table should reflect 7. The following is a revised version of the table from the previous article on this subject:
| Supplement | Designator | JIS2004-Savvy Designator | /CIDFontName & Menu Name Examples |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3 | Std | StdN | KozMinStd-Regular, 小塚明朝 Std R KozMinStdN-Regular, 小塚明朝 StdN R |
| 4 | Pro | ProN | KozMinPro-Regular, 小塚明朝 Pro R KozMinProN-Regular, 小塚明朝 ProN R |
| 5 | Pr5 | Pr5N | KozMinPr5-Regular, 小塚明朝 Pr5 R KozMinPr5N-Regular, 小塚明朝 Pr5N R |
| 6 | Pr6 | Pr6N | KozMinPr6-Regular, 小塚明朝 Pr6 R KozMinPr6N-Regular, 小塚明朝 Pr6N R |
| 7 | Pr6 | Pr6N | KozMinPr6-Regular, 小塚明朝 Pr6 R KozMinPr6N-Regular, 小塚明朝 Pr6N R |
Of course, we still welcome any and all feedback about this font-naming issue.
先のブログ記事について、既にいくつか貴重なフィードバックを受け取っている。Adobe-Japan1-7 のサブセットとなるフォントの名前を変えずにそのままにしておくという提案については、ほぼ大方の賛同を得ることができたが、Adobe-Japan1-7 での追加が二つのグリフだけに限定されるため、Adobe-Japan1-6 対応のフォントについても、名前を変えない方が良いという意見があった。
言い換えれば、現時点で Adobe-Japan1-6 に対応しているフォントは、名前を変更せずに Adobe-Japan1-7 にアップデートできるということだ。もちろん、CFF テーブルに記録されるべき Supplement の値は「7」に設定しておく必要がある。この考えに沿って、前回の記事の表を以下のように修正した。
| Supplement | Designator | JIS2004-Savvy Designator | /CIDFontName & Menu Name Examples |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3 | Std | StdN | KozMinStd-Regular, 小塚明朝 Std R KozMinStdN-Regular, 小塚明朝 StdN R |
| 4 | Pro | ProN | KozMinPro-Regular, 小塚明朝 Pro R KozMinProN-Regular, 小塚明朝 ProN R |
| 5 | Pr5 | Pr5N | KozMinPr5-Regular, 小塚明朝 Pr5 R KozMinPr5N-Regular, 小塚明朝 Pr5N R |
| 6 | Pr6 | Pr6N | KozMinPr6-Regular, 小塚明朝 Pr6 R KozMinPr6N-Regular, 小塚明朝 Pr6N R |
| 7 | Pr6 | Pr6N | KozMinPr6-Regular, 小塚明朝 Pr6 R KozMinPr6N-Regular, 小塚明朝 Pr6N R |
もちろん、このフォント名の問題についてすべてのフィードバックを歓迎する。
（前回の記事で述べたように、日本で新しい元号が発表されると、まもなく Adobe-Japan1-6 文字コレクションの仕様が Adobe-Japan1-7 へ更新される。この記事では、フォントの更新に必要となる作業を説明、提案する。読者からのフィードバックを歓迎する。）
Adobe-Japan1-6 に含まれる 23,058 個のグリフを全てサポートしている日本語の OpenType フォントについては、Adobe-Japan1-7 に更新するのは比較的シンプルだ。二つのグリフとそれに関連するマッピングを追加、そして Adobe-Japan1-7 の識別子を使用してそのフォントに名前をつければ完成だ。だが、もちろん、すべてのフォントに新年号用合字を加えて、Adobe-Japan1-7 にアップデートする必要はない。この記事はアップデートしたいフォントがある場合に、フォント開発者に参照していただきたい。
まず、「OpenType Font Development」のサブセクションの「JIS2004-Savvy OpenType Fonts」にある表は以下のようにアップデートする必要があることは明らかだ。
| Supplement | Designator | JIS2004-Savvy Designator | /CIDFontName & Menu Name Examples |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3 | Std | StdN | KozMinStd-Regular, 小塚明朝 Std R & KozMinStdN-Regular, 小塚明朝 StdN R |
| 4 | Pro | ProN | KozMinPro-Regular, 小塚明朝 Pro R & KozMinProN-Regular, 小塚明朝 ProN R |
| 5 | Pr5 | Pr5N | KozMinPr5-Regular, 小塚明朝 Pr5 R & KozMinPr5N-Regular, 小塚明朝 Pr5N R |
| 6 | Pr6 | Pr6N | KozMinPr6-Regular, 小塚明朝 Pr6 R & KozMinPr6N-Regular, 小塚明朝 Pr6N R |
| 7 | Pr7 | Pr7N | KozMinPr7-Regular, 小塚明朝 Pr7 R & KozMinPr7N-Regular, 小塚明朝 Pr7N R |
だが、下位の Supplement だけをサポートする JIS90 対応のフォント、あるいは、上位の Supplements から少数のグリフのみを取り入れて JIS2004 対応としているフォントについては、どのように対処すべきだろうか。以下に詳述する。
全ての日本語フォントが Adobe-Japan1-6 で指定された 23,058 個のグリフ全てを含んでいるわけではなく、多くのフォントが Adobe-Japan1-3 だけをサポートしている。その中には、JIS2004 対応とするために、上位 Supplements 4 ~ 6 の中から、144 個のグリフを追加したものもある。例えば、macOS にバンドルされた最新のヒラギノフォントは Adobe-Japan1-3 か Adobe-Japan1-5 をサポートし、JIS2004 に対応している。日本語書体のグリフをデザインするには膨大な時間と労力が必要だ。しかも、23,000 個以上のグリフが必要とされている場合でも、23,000 個のグリフ全てが頻繁に使われるわけではない。
そこで Adobe-Japan1-6 をフルにサポートしていないフォントをサポートするよう拡張するより、新元号の漢字から成る合字のグリフのみを追加したいという要求がまず生ずるだろう。そのために必要となる作業は以下のとおりだ。
JIS90 に準拠する OpenType フォントの開発は比較的容易だった。というのもこれらのフォントはすでに定義されていた Supplements の中から一つを選び、そこに定義されているグリフ含めればよかったからだ。一般的な多くのフォントが、Adobe-Japan1-3（グリフ数 9,453）、Adobe-Japan1-4（グリフ数 15,444）、Adobe-Japan1-5（グリフ数 20,317）のいずれかとなっている。
Adobe-Japan1-7 と新元号用の二つのグリフを検討する場合、Supplement 3（別名 StdN）フォントには CID+23058（横書き用）だけが必要だ。現在と以前の年号の縦書き用合字は、Supplement 4 で初めて加えられたので、Supplement 3 ではサポート範囲外と見なすことができる。Supplement 4 とそれ以上のフォントでは、CID+23058 と CID+23059（縦書き用）を単に追加するだけだ。フォント名中の識別子 Pro、Pr5、Pr6 はそのままにし、CFF テーブル中、Supplement の値は「7」とする。
Adobe-Japan1-6 の文字コレクションは「OpenType Font Development」のサブセクションの「JIS2004-Savvy OpenType Fonts」にある下記の表の通りだ。JIS2004 に準拠するために上位の Supplements からのどのグリフを下位の Supplement をサポートするフォントに追加すべきかがわかる。
| Supplement | Additional Glyphs | Designator | CIDs & CID Ranges |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3 | 144 | StdN | 4—9354, 9779, 12101, 12870, 13320–13327, 13330, 13332–13333, 13335–13341, 13343, 13345–13355, 13358–13369, 13371, 13373–13382, 13385–13388, 13391–13400, 13402, 13460, 13495, 13538, 13624, 13650, 13673, 13731, 13803, 13860, 13893, 13915, 13949, 13964, 14013, 14066, 14074, 14111, 14116, 14196, 14272, 14290 5—16977, 17041, 18760, 19312, 19346, 20175, 20222, 20263–20296, 20301–20305, 20307, 20314 6—21072–21074 |
| 4 | 81 | ProN | 5—16413, 16444–16449, 16467–16468, 16889, 16905, 16977, 17014, 17041, 17168, 17205, 18759–18760, 19061, 19312, 19346, 20175, 20222, 20263–20296, 20299–20310, 20312–20315 6—21071–21074, 21558, 21933, 22010, 22920 |
| 5 | 10 | Pr5N | 6—21071–21074, 21371, 21558, 21722, 21933, 22010, 22920 |
以下の表では、Adobe-Japan1-7 とその二つの新しいグリフを考慮に入れた場合、下位 Supplements をサポートするフォントがどのように調整されるべきかを示す。
| Supplement | Additional Glyphs | Designator | CIDs & CID Ranges |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3 | 145 | StdN | 4—9354, 9779, 12101, 12870, 13320–13327, 13330, 13332–13333, 13335–13341, 13343, 13345–13355, 13358–13369, 13371, 13373–13382, 13385–13388, 13391–13400, 13402, 13460, 13495, 13538, 13624, 13650, 13673, 13731, 13803, 13860, 13893, 13915, 13949, 13964, 14013, 14066, 14074, 14111, 14116, 14196, 14272, 14290 5—16977, 17041, 18760, 19312, 19346, 20175, 20222, 20263–20296, 20301–20305, 20307, 20314 6—21072–21074 7—23058 |
| 4 | 83 | ProN | 5—16413, 16444–16449, 16467–16468, 16889, 16905, 16977, 17014, 17041, 17168, 17205, 18759–18760, 19061, 19312, 19346, 20175, 20222, 20263–20296, 20299–20310, 20312–20315 6—21071–21074, 21558, 21933, 22010, 22920 7—23058–23059 |
| 5 | 12 | Pr5N | 6—21071–21074, 21371, 21558, 21722, 21933, 22010, 22920 7—23058–23059 |
容易に見て取れるように、Supplement 3 のサブセットは Supplement 7 からの CID+23058 のみを含む。JIS90 準拠のフォントの項で説明したように、CID+23059 が含まれなくていい理由は現在と以前の三つの元号 U+337B「㍻」、U+337C「㍼」、U+337D「㍽」及び U+337E「㍾」の縦書き用合字が Supplement 4 に含まれていて、Supplement 3（別名 StdN）には含まれていないからだ。これらの合字のCIDは、Supplement 4 において、12041 から 12044 となっている。なお、「StdN」グリフセット（Adobe-Japan1-3 と Supplements 4 から 6 までの 144 個のグリフ）は 10 年以上安定しており、元号の縦書き用合字への要望はいままでなかったことを付け加えておく。
最後に、CFF テーブル中の Supplement の値は CID の末尾の値に合わせるべきであることを強調しておきたい。例えば、CID+23058 を含む Adobe-Japan1-3 フォントは「Std」フォントであっても「StdN」フォントであっても、「7」を Supplement 値に指定するべきである。
この記事に関してのフィードバックをお送りいただきたい。ここで提案した方法は理にかなっていると思うが、他のオプションを検討する時間もまだ十分にある。
