One of the new enhancements to Lightroom 4.1 RC2 is the addition of new color fringe correction controls. What exactly is a color fringe correction? This blog post is intended to explain the problem and the solution we’ve provided in Lightroom 4.1.(For ACR customers it will also be included an upcoming version of ACR7 for Photoshop CS6, currently available as a public beta)
The content in this post has been written by Eric Chan, the developer primarily responsible for implementing the solution. (Photos have been attributed where requested.)
Overview
Red-green and blue-yellow fringes at the image periphery result from lateral chromatic aberration. This problem is relatively easy to fix, and ACR & LR already have tools to do so. On the other hand, purple and green fringes in out-of-focus areas and along high-contrast boundaries are much more problematic. These fringes result from axial chromatic aberration (wavelength-dependent focus shift), aberrations in sensor microlenses, and flare. In most cases, purple fringes appear in front of the plane of focus, and green fringes appear behind the plane of focus. The aberrations can happen anywhere in the image, not just the image periphery. Sometimes, they are so strong that they’re easily spotted in small previews, such as proxies and thumbnails (thus, not only visible at 100% pixel view!). Axial CA affects nearly all lenses, from inexpensive cell phone lenses to very expensive top-of-the-line lenses. It is particularly pronounced with fast lenses at wide apertures. Hence, an improved defringe control should appeal to photographers shooting portraits, events, weddings, sports, etc. — anytime that high-speed lenses are used.
Example
Example 1: Backyard
The branches and leaves have very strong purple fringing, visible even in the small overview image.Overview, original:Overview, with defringe:
Closeup, original:
Closeup, with defringe:
Color Fringing Defined
Types of Fringing
- Color fringing (usually visible on high-contrast edges in the image) can result from several physical phenomena:
- Lateral (transverse) chromatic aberration (red/green fringes, blue/yellow fringes),
- Axial (longitudinal) chromatic aberration (purple and green fringes),
- Flare due to lens-lens and sensor-lens reflections (ghost images), and
- Charge leakage in CCD sensors (thin purple fringes).
- Adobe’s existing “Remove Chromatic Aberration” checkbox (introduced in Camera Raw 7.0 and Lightroom 4.0), and its predecessors (Profile-based “Chromatic Aberration” slider, and manual Chromatic Aberration sliders) handles issue #1 (lateral CA) only.
- The previous Defringe popup menu (Off / Highlight Edges / All Edges) in Camera Raw 7.0 and Lightroom 4.0 handles issue #4 (CCD charge leakage) only.
- Up till now, Adobe did not have solutions for problems #2 (axial CA) and #3 (flare).
Notes on Axial (Longitudinal) CA
The new Defringe controls are designed to fix axial (longitudinal) CA, color aberrations due to ghosting or flare, and color aberrations (thin fringes) due to charge leakage, which affects some CCD sensors. Here’s some context on axial/longitudinal CA:
- It can happen anywhere in the image (not just image borders).
- It affects nearly all “fast” (wide aperture) lenses, typically most visible at the wider apertures (e.g., f/1.4 thru f/2.8).
- Fringes become less visible as you stop down the lens (e.g., more visible at f/2, less visible at f/8).
- Fringes are usually most visible just in front of or just behind the plane of focus.
- Fringes typically appear purple/magenta when they’re in front of the plane of focus, and appear green when they’re behind the plane
- of focus.
- Even at the plane of focus, high-contrast edges (especially backlit) may show purple fringes due to flare.
How to use the new Defringe Controls
Slider Overview
There are 4 sliders:
- Two amount sliders (Purple Amount, Green Amount). These are normal sliders.
- Two hue sliders (Purple Hue, Green Hue). These are “split” sliders.
The two “Purple” controls are intended to be used to remove purple fringing (regardless of the cause).
The “Purple Amount” slider determines the strength of the purple fringe removal. The range is 0 to 20, with default 0 (which means disabled). Higher values mean stronger correction, but may also negatively impact colors of real purple objects in your image. Note that fringe removal is limited to the hue range defined by the Purple Hue slider (see below).The “Purple Hue” slider determines the range of hues removed. This control has two knobs, which determine the endpoints of the hue range.
- Click-and-drag either knob to adjust one endpoint at a time.
- Click-and-drag the central bar (the part of the slider between the two knobs) to move both endpoints at the same time.
- Double-click a knob to reset its value to the default.
- Double-click the central bar to reset both endpoints to the default.
- The minimum spacing between the endpoints is 10 units. Hence, dragging the left knob too close to the right knob will cause the right knob to move automatically, to preserve the minimum spacing of 10 units.
The Green Amount and Green Hue sliders work similarly for green fringes. However, the default range for the Green Hue slider is 40 to 60 (narrower range) instead of 30 to 70. This is to help protect common green and yellow colors (e.g., foliage) by default.
These controls are best used when viewing an image closely (e.g., 100% or higher).
Option-Key Feedback (Visualization) for Global Controls
Alt/Option-key visualization is available for all 4 controls. I highly recommend using these visualizations to help set the slider values appropriately:
Option-key + click-and-drag on the Purple Amount slider to visualize purple fringe removal. The preview window shows only the affected areas of the image (all other areas will be shown as white). This lets you concentrate on the affected areas and verify that the purple fringe color gets removed.
Option-key + click-and-drag on the Purple Hue slider (either knob, or the central bar) to visualize the range of hues to be defringed. The preview window “blacks out” the affected hue range. Pay attention to the borders of the “blacked out” area and check if there are any residual purple/magenta colors.
Works similarly for the Green Amount and Green Hue sliders.
Description of Eyedropper Tool
The 4 global Defringe controls above are powerful, but new users may find them tricky to learn. For this reason, there is an “eyedropper”tool so that users can click directly on the image to help set the appropriate parameters.
Using the eyedropper for Defringe is similar to using the eyedropper to using the White Balance selection eyedropper: when you’re in the LensCorrections -> Color tab (so that the Defringe controls are visible), select the eyedropper and click on a fringe in the image. It helps to be zoomed in (e.g., 200% or even 400%) to facilitate accurate color picking.
Clicking on a pixel will cause the Defringe system to perform a local analysis of the pixels in the neighborhood, resulting in one of the following 3 outcomes:
- It determines that you clicked on a purple fringe, and it automatically adjusts both the Purple Amount and Purple Hue sliders.
- It determines that you clicked on a green fringe, and it automatically adjusts both the Green Amount and Green Hue sliders.
- It determines that you clicked on an area that was too neutral or outside the supported color range (e.g., all white or gray area or an orange color) and reports an error message.
While moving the eyedropper tool over the image, you will see the eyedropper icon change to purple or green and the Purple Hue or Green Hue slider highlighting. This shows approximately what hue you’re currently targeting, and which of the two fringe colors (purple or green) would be adjusted if you were to click.
Press ESC or Return/Enter to dismiss the eyedropper sampling window once you have done with the selecting the purple and green fringe colors.
Description of Local Defringe Control
The global Defringe control is sufficient in many cases, but sometimeslocal refinement is required. One reason is the need to “protect”certain scene colors (prevent them from being defringed). Another reason is to help suppress some minor residual fringing in aparticular area. For these reasons, Defringe is also available as a local adjustment.
Details:
- Available as a brush or gradient (as with all our local adjustment channels).
- Only available in PV 2012.
- Standard range is -100 to +100, default 0.
- Minus direction (towards -100) means “do not apply defringe to the affected area.” This is a way for the user to “protect” certain image areas from being incorrectly defringed. For example, applying a strong purple fringe removal may indeed effectively remove those fringes, but it may also desaturate or otherwise (undesirably) alter edges of purple objects in your picture. Painting with Defringe -100 over those areas will completely protect them and keep them at their original color.
- Positive direction (towards +100) means “apply additional defringing to the affected area.” This is a way for the customer to fine-tune and take care of small problem areas.
- For images that have only limited color fringe problems in a specific area, it may actually be easier (both faster and safer) to use the local Defringe control.
- Note that local +Defringe will remove fringes of all colors (not just purple and green) and hence is independent of the global Purple Hue and Green Hue settings.
- The maximum strength of local +Defringe is limited (not nearly as strong as global defringe), so for extreme cases you will need to use the global Defringe instead. (In general, I recommend using global Defringe first anyways, then following up local Defringe if needed.)
Suggested Workflow
1. Do overall color and tone corrections first (e.g., Basic panel, Tone Curve panel, etc.).
2. Turn on profile-based lens corrections (for distortion and vignetting), if needed.
3. Turn on lateral CA correction (check the “Remove Chromatic Aberration” box), if needed.
4. Apply global Defringe, if needed.
5. Apply local Defringe, if needed.
Additional Examples
Example 2: Cake
I focused in the middle of the letters on the cake. The letters in front have purple fringes (“Meghna”), and the letters in back have green fringes (“Happy”), with some alternating green-magenta bands. These are typical symptoms of axial chromatic aberration. With the new defringe filter, the purple and green fringes are largely reduced. Note that this is not a straightforward desaturation (which would turn the letters and cake gray).
Overview of image:
Closeup, original:
Closeup, with defringe:
Example 3: Champagne
Similar situation. The closeup shows mild purple fringing on the closer letters, and much stronger green fringing on the letters around the side of the bottle (just behind the plane of focus). Also, the circular out-of-focus highlights in the background have a green outline. These issues are largely reduced with the new defringe filter.
Overview, original (color fringing on bottle letters slightly visible even at this size):Closeup, original:
Closeup, with defringe:
Closeup #2, original:
Closeup #2, with defringe:
Example 4: Water
The water spray shows very strong green and purple fringes, even in the small overview image — yikes! The foreground elements (such as the railing) also show purple fringes, since they’re in front of the plane of focus. Special thanks Stanislas Chevallier for providing our engineering team with this example and providing us with permission to post the image here. His work can be found on Flickr: http://flickr.com/chegayvaraOverview, original:
Overview, with defringe:
Closeup #1, original:
Closeup #1, with defringe:
Closeup #2, original:
Closeup #2, with defringe:
Example 5: Boy
There is visible purple fringing on his hat and shirt. He may have the blues, but he shouldn’t have the purples.There is also green fringing on the highlights of the car in the background.Overview, original:
Closeup, original:Closeup, with defringe:
Closeup #2, original:
Closeup #2, with defringe:
Comments
reads great and examples are wonderful. hope i can use it properly.
thank you,
vince
Thank you, Eric!
Can we get a .pdf of this, Adobe?
This is great! A terrific improvement.
Wow, that looks promising…im anxious to try the new 4.1rc2
Meghna?
Wow, just wow. I’ve been wishing for such a tool for years!
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I would like to know who to contact because the “Remove Chromatic Aberration”option doesn’t remove all aberrations…especially when working with older lenses. I even have photo evidence of an image I was able to correct in Lightroom 3, but has lost it’s correction in Lightroom 4. I think Adobe just needs to give control back to the users as I’m not the only person online who is having similar issues with the “automatic” feature.
+1 for bringing manual lateral CA correction option back as an option.
Auto lateral CA correction works great in most cases, and is an extremely welcome addition. But it sometimes fails with bad cases of laCA, for example with close-up or wide-angle add-on lenses, while the old manual option did work (as long as the sider was long enough). Has been demonstrated on Adobe support forum. Please give this back.
+1 For me as well for bringing back manual control. The Remove Chromatic Aberration option does work sometimes, but other times the old sliders worked better. I don’t see how removing control from the photographer’s hands is ever a good thing.
Great news. LoCA was the only flaw of 135L. And now, with this, images will be perfect.
Most welcome feature ever, it’s about time!
Thank you very much Eric for all the hard work. The difficult longitudinal color fringes are often an issue with even very expensive lenses. Now we do not have to rely on in-camera JPG correction but can save our RAW images as well in a convenient way.
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I tested it and it works wonderfully, better than nx2.
That’s absolutely incredible work by Adobe. This is the one thing that always bugs me about shooting wide open on fast glass, and now we have a reliable way to fix it that doesn’t take hours in post. Kudos also for continuing to add features to Lightroom in a point release.
Works great on third party lenses without profiles. That’s a HUGE impovement, thanks a lot!!
This is a very valuable improvement! This type of fringing is very common. My only question is – will this be included in future upgrades of Camera Raw as well, or do I have to buy Lightroom to get it?
Excellent feature, and coincidentally I was frustrated trying to manually defringe a backlit close-up of a rare bird from the Amazon; the new features did the hard work for me!
Thanks, Tom, Eric and Adobe Lightroom team!
Clicio
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A pdf of this would be wonderful. Thanks a bunch, Eric, for implementing these powerful and useful post-processing tools.
Marvelous! Kudos to develpers involved!
The close-up of the champagne letters seems to show some type of aberration at the bottom of the letters after defringe – is this an artifact of the process or some other error?
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what did you use lens and body for make happening Chromatic Aberration in there sample?
I’m surprised their effect, but my EOS lens system can’t get these error at photo that same situation.
I want to try these function photo of my situation.
Please teach me, sir.
This is awesome! I have been adjusting a few images which suffered greatly from color fringing. All of them look perfect now. This is a major step forward in image quality. Thank you very much!
Just want to join in the choir of praise. Without having tried this, it looks great! Amazing in fact. I always thought I would just have to live with the axial CA. Then out of nowhere you come up with this!
Yet another reason to ALWAYS SHOOT RAW. =)
Amazing work, congratulations.
Just one remark from a photographer who happens to be a physicist too
Your explaination of the cause of the green/magenta out-of-focus (oof) fringes is not quite correct: It is NOT caused by Longitudinal CA (LoCa). As you correctly write, LoCa is caused by a wavelength shift of the focal plane. But even if the focal plane is the same for all colors (LoCa is zero), you’ll see green/magenta oof fringes. This can’t be totally avoided with glass for physical reasons. Many call this phenomenon OOF-CA. Lateral, longitudinal and OOF CA are three independent types of CA. OOF CA is not a classical aberration because it is always zero in the focal plane, so it is more like the defocus blur aberration aka Bokeh. Some therefore call OOF-CA “Bokeh-CA”.
I wanted to clarify because this is a common misunderstanding. It is an important thing to know when reading lens tests. In practical terms, the difference matters less because both LoCa and OOF-CA are reduced when stopping down.
Kind regards,
Falk
Wish Adobe release versions for iOS and Android devices
I just buy AF-S 70-300 VR which is perfect lens except fringes.
Thank Adobe for such a gift!
Congratulations on 4.1 RC2. Thanks for supporting Olympus OM-D so quickly, and the new defringing stuff is simply brilliant.
This is very simple to use and powerful. It sent me back through images that I thought were lost forever (shot with Fuji E900 at wide angle) or even good ones that I didn’t realize had these fringing artifacts. Surprise, it’s often evident when you are looking for it, but, now, easy to correct!
Hats off to Eric and the team.
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This is great!!!
Congratulations, Eric! This is one of the best technical explanations of a software product feature I’ve ever seen. It’s also one of the most carefully thought through and mature new product addition that I’ve seen. I say this from a background of 45+ years of software development and management of software development teams. Superb work.
reads great and examples are wonderful. hope i can use it properly.
Nice job Eric! Hopefully this is a good way to give you feedback.
It would be nice to be able to set the global defringe settings, but then only
apply them by painting in where you want them. This works better than going
back and removing the defringe from a much larger area of the image with
green/yellow or purple/cyan sections that may have been impacted.
Brilliant work, Eric!
“They” said that Axial CA could never be corrected but you have confounded them.
We have needed these tools for a very long time so thank you for building them so superbly for us.
Works great. One thing I did not see mentioned (I may have missed it) is using the alt/option key while working with each slider (this is for Apple OS X users; Is it the same for Windows?) . That provides a very precise method of seeing exactly what bits of data each slider adjustment is having an effect on
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All I can say is “Wow!”
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Please…how do I find these wonderful new tools? I am on Lion on a MacBook (7.1) and for the life of me can’t find any adjustments for fringing either in the CS6 freebee ACR7 or the new Lightroom beta. Am I missing the right graphics card? the right brain cels?
Hi Ron,
The new Color Fringe Correction tools described in this post are available in Lightroom 4.1 RC2. You can download this for free at labs.adobe.com
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This is a great feature … even better than Lr3′s CA. I’m so glad you guys fixed this as the original release version for CA was weak at best! Excellent update.
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I used the eyedropper tool and It works! A great improvement compared to Lr 3′s version. Thank you.
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Longitudinal chromatic aberration correction? Hooray!
I have had a look at this function, and I think it is wonderfull!
But is it possible to go further into the effects on the photo that are caused by using these tools, but not intended?
That looks great and sounds easy to use; hopefully it’s really that easy. Can’t wait to play around with these sliders.
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““They” said that Axial CA could never be corrected but you have confounded them.”
Well, Nikon NX2 has been able to correct it for quite a while…
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Green bokeh outlining can be fixed with the global tool, but my problem with that is the lack of strength of the local tool. In order to fix the bokeh circles I need to set the global tool to an extremely high pixel value, which does ruin any form of vegetation found on the photo. It would be wonderful if we could have more than the single slider for that purpose…
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Mr. Chan,
Kudos to you & your team. This is certainly an example of going the extra mile to benefit all photographers.
Thank you
とても使いやすいツールです！！
The new color fringe correction works great. Now if only you guys can straighten photos like DXO.
Finally!!! What a great feature!!!!!!
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I just installed the 4.1 update from Adobe, and I cannot find any of these controls, nor does there seem to be any letters visible after the 4.1. What am I missing?
Whoops – never mind – found them!
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Eric, it’s really commendable. Simple to use and powerful. I always roam about finding something like this that can be executed well.
A terrific improvement.
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Hey! This is a great feature … even better than Lr3′s CA. I’m so glad you guys fixed this as the original release version for CA was weak at best! Excellent update. Thanks again !!
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Amazing work, really helpful; will benefit photographers. Will try to use it properly as explained.
I have a few suggestions, questions and comments about these tools. I’m new to LR, by the way.
While this combination of tools is a powerful one, I find that I’m spending too much time on individual images, either using the dropper (very hit and miss) or playing with the sliders to effectively remove fringing without removing real colors in the images.
From a user interface standpoint, the hue sliders are especially ‘tricky’. Unlike other sliders in LightRoom, where it’s possible to type in an exact numeric value or roll the mouse wheel, it seems these sliders can only be adjusted by dragging the mouse. It can be difficult to make fine adjustments when dragging the mouse is the only way to make them. I’d like to have the ability to enter high and low values for the hues by typing them in, directly. Adjusting them via the mouse wheel would also be nice. Should be easy to implement.
In your ‘Suggested Workflow’ section, you recommend turning on lateral CA correction after completing color and tone corrections and applying a lens profile. I’d like to know whether waiting until step 3 to apply CA correction has a material effect on the efficacy of the correction. In other words, I’d prefer to turn on CA correction, per default, for all imported images, in order to automate one step of work. If, however, doing this might have some negative repercussions, it would be good to know what they are.
Last, I’d like to ask whether it would be realistic to include this defringe information in lens profiles. As I understand it, the Lens Profile Creator currently only allows the user to configure lateral CA correction. If possible, it would be great to be able to configure defringing, as well.
Is there some way to disable the new algorithm and re-enable legacy CA correction? On several of my images the new algo has become confused and “painted” giant color errors alongside real detail. Also, it seems (sometimes) to eliminate certain very fine colored details that were not caused by CA.
Maybe it’s just my lenses, but I’ve never found a problem with the legacy algorithm. I’ve certainly never seen images like the samples shown here.
Could we please maintain the legacy CA tool but add the new fringe correction as an option?
LR 4.1 adds some new manual Chromatic Aberration adjustment tools
visit this link for more information:
http://blogs.adobe.com/lightroomjournal/2012/04/new-color-fringe-correction-controls.html
Thank you so much Adobe! When i switched to canon i noticed how bad the optics were as compared to Nikon, now there is hope that the CA from the 35mm 1.4L and the 85mm 1.2 L @ can be sharp at more wide open apertures!
This is the single biggest improvement in RAW image post production since the ability to reduce noise was introduced. I can’t believe that I didn’t find this improvement on my own a few months ago when I first started using the BETA!!! Thankfully the rest of the wedding photography that we’re shooting this season will be able to be delivered “CA free”. I bought Lightroom 4 when it first came out and I can’t be happier with the purchase.
My team of photographers and I are now confidently shooting weddings in the hot Ottawa summer, under full sun conditions, with our lenses’ apertures “wide open” again. (something we’ve regretted doing in the past!)
Thank you so much Adobe.
Ben
Interesting for an old IT guy. The soltuion is typical Adobe, complicated but thorough and made a real difference to some dawn shots I have taken here on Norfolk Island, thanks. However a bit anoyed on 2 fronts. This is a big change for a .1 update. I was in fact quite sure that defringe was completely broken in 4.0 and tried to raise it in a forum, except the internet is difficult here. My lens and camera didn’t suddenly get worse but fringes did in 4.0 and defringe did zip! Then guess what, it is not just fixed but comprehenisively re-engineered. Didn’t make the cut-off for the 4.0 release did it? Oh yeah and my big 4.0 reference book is now out of date! Nice solution but . . .
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Explanation would be greatly enhanced by saying right up front where the heck to find this adjustment (Develop Module, Lens Corrections, Color). Start with first things first.
The CA and purple defringing, plus the remarkable improvements in ACR, plus the various content-aware goodies, got me to upgrade to PS6. I also have the latest LR4 but have not yet used it. THESE ARE FABULOUS IMPROVEMENTS.
I’m confused, however on the explanation here of using the local adjustments — can someone direct me to a full explanation? I’ve tried various things, but nothing appears to work as a local adjustment. Therefore, I’m limited to using the global adjustments — which do work wonderfully. PLEASE, someone help clarify this for me. Thanks in advance.
pressing “k” should take you to the local adjustments, including defringe.
I’ve just started using these tools. One area I’m having trouble with though (and am hoping is just user error) is using the local adjustment brush to protect specific areas from global defringing. When I use this brush at -100 it doesn’t seem to be returning the pixels to the desired/original color. The warm and cool color boxes beneath the local defringe control seem to be at play (i.e., I’m getting either a yellowish color or bluish color). Can I somehow turn the color off?? Hope this makes sense. Thanks for any help.
awesome, adobe is awesome ever. i used this tool and work fine for me.
Can anyone explain why I do not have a “Remove Chromatic Aberration” checkbox at the bottom of my Lightroom 4.1 installation?
Can anyone tell me if this has been released for CS6 yet? The OP said that it will be released in “an upcoming version of ACR7 for Photoshop CS6″. Has that happened yet?
Can anybody tell me why my Defringe Panel does not have the eye dropper tool in my version of Camera Raw (7.2.0.46)?
Congratulations. Realy great work!!!!!
I had some Canon SX220 HS DNG shots with critical light conditions. There were a lot of CA problems inside the images. First I used the “CA” click box with which worked a little bit.
Next I tried the sliders and it was very exciting to see how most of the CA disappeared. But than, I saw a lot of wrong colors in some parts of my image. I was disappointed but I remembered this article and tried the “hue sliders”. And it works! Most of the wrong colors disappeared and most of the CA disappeared.
Finally I used a “defringe brush” to increase or decrease CA corrections.
By the way. CA is only a minor problem on the JPEG shots done with the SX220, there seems to be some internal correction. Only on some images I use CA corrections and an intensity of 3 of 4.
Really great work. Really great article.
Searching for improvements? An CA indicator might be a cool thing.
i think this is the perfect editing software ever for photographers. awesome !
This is so beneficial for photographers and will be seeing adobe working as great for ios and andriod!
just see the picture of the tree is obvious effect,